{"id":12,"date":"2025-01-18T22:19:39","date_gmt":"2025-01-18T22:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/?p=12"},"modified":"2025-01-31T08:25:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T08:25:14","slug":"inceputurile-web-ului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/tehnologii-web\/inceputurile-web-ului\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cenceputurile Web-ului"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unul dintre cele mai importante \u015fi de succes servicii ale Internetului, <strong>World<\/strong> <strong>Wide<\/strong> <strong>Web<\/strong>&#8211; ul \u2013 mai pe scurt, <strong>Web<\/strong> sau spa\u0163iul <strong>WWW<\/strong> \u2013 a fost instituit la <em>CERN<\/em> (<em>Centre<\/em> <em>European<\/em> <em>pour<\/em> <em>la<\/em> <em>Recherche<\/em> <em>Nucleaire<\/em> \u2013 Centrul European de Cercet\u0103ri Nucleare de la Geneva) \u00een anul 1989, pe baza cercet\u0103rilor lui <em>Tim<\/em> <em>Berners-Lee<\/em>, <em>Robert<\/em> <em>Caillau<\/em> \u015fi echipei acestora, scopul principal urm\u0103rit fiind facilitarea accesului rapid la informa\u0163iile tehnice cuprinse \u00een ma- nualele de utilizare a calculatoarelor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert Caillau accentueaz\u0103 faptul c\u0103 istoria fiec\u0103rei mari inven\u0163ii se bazeaz\u0103 pe multe evenimente anterioare. \u00cen cazul Web-ului, dou\u0103 mari direc\u0163ii precursoare trebuie men\u0163ionate: dezvoltarea <strong><em>hipertextului<\/em> <\/strong>(sau a proces\u0103rii computerizate a documentelor electronice complexe) \u015fi <strong>dezvoltarea protocoalelor Internet <\/strong>care au f\u0103cut posibil\u0103 comunicarea global\u0103 dintre re\u0163elele de calculatoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ziua de na\u015ftere oficial\u0103 a Web-ului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data de <strong>12 noiembrie 1990<\/strong> este considerat\u0103 drept ziua de na\u015ftere oficial\u0103 a Web-ului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CERN devenea astfel cel mai dezvoltat nod Internet al Europei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Web-ul reprezint\u0103 un <strong><em>sistem<\/em> <em>de<\/em> <em>distribu\u0163ie<\/em> <em>local\u0103 sau<\/em> <em>global\u0103 a<\/em> <em>informa\u0163iilor<\/em> <em>hipermedia<\/em><\/strong>. Din punct de vedere tehnic, spa\u0163iul Web pune la dispozi\u0163ie un sistem global \u015fi standardizat de comunicare multimedia, informa\u0163iile fiind organizate asociativ \u015fi fiind distribuite \u00een func\u0163ie de cererile utilizatorilor, func\u0163ion\u00e2nd conform modelului client\/server. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Web-ul, cu toat\u0103 dezvoltarea lui spectaculoas\u0103, nu trebuie confundat cu Internetul, ci poate fi considerat drept cea mai dinamic\u0103 \u015fi spectaculoas\u0103 component\u0103 software a acestuia, neput\u00e2nd exista f\u0103r\u0103 infrastructura hardware a re\u0163elelor mondiale interconectate prin interme- diul protocoalelor TCP\/IP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dezideratele principale ale sistemului propus de Tim Berners-Lee erau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>accesul la distan\u0163\u0103 \u00eentr-o re\u0163ea, accept\u00e2ndu-se diverse tipuri de conexiuni;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>accesul la o multitudine de surse de informa\u0163ii stocate \u00eentr-o varietate de forme (text, grafic\u0103, sunet etc.) cu ajutorul unor tipuri diferite de sisteme de operare situate pe diferite platforme hardware;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>capabilit\u0103\u0163i de extindere \u015fi dezvoltare \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte aria de acoperire prin cre\u015fterea num\u0103rului de leg\u0103turi, f\u0103r\u0103 existen\u0163a unui control central.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prima aplica\u0163ie Web<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tim Berners-Lee concepe, de asemenea, prima aplica\u0163ie Web \u2013 un <strong><em>server<\/em> <\/strong>Web rul\u00e2nd pe calculatoare <strong>NeXT<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u00cen noiembrie 1990, <em>Nicola<\/em> <em>Pellow<\/em> \u00eencepe s\u0103 dezvolte un <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netscape_Navigator\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netscape_Navigator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>navigator<\/em> <\/a><\/strong>(<em>browser<\/em>) text care la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul aceluia\u015fi an va fi disponibil \u00een cadrul CERN. Primul client grafic permi\u0163\u00e2nd vizualizarea de documente WWW a fost <em>WorldWideWeb<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dezvoltarea ulterioar\u0103 a Web-ului a fost facilitat\u0103 de programul <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mosaic\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mosaic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Mosaic<\/em> <\/a><\/strong>(de la <em>NCSA<\/em> \u2013 Centrul Na\u0163ional pentru aplica\u0163iile supercalculatoarelor, Universitatea Urbana- Champaign), rul\u00e2nd sub mediul XWindow (Unix). Acest navigator \u2013 elaborat \u00een principal de Marc Andreesen \u2013 era foarte simplu de folosit \u015fi poseda facilit\u0103\u0163i multimedia, fiind furnizat gratuit pe Internet \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 1993. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ulterior, Marc Andreesen fondeaz\u0103 compania <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netscape\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netscape\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Netscape Communications<\/a>,<\/strong> specializat\u0103 \u00een realizarea de aplica\u0163ii destinate Web- ului, care \u2013 ulterior \u2013 a donat comunit\u0103\u0163ii <em>open<\/em> <em>source<\/em> codul-surs\u0103 al navigatorului, peste ani ap\u0103r\u00e2nd astfel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/ro\/firefox\/new\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/ro\/firefox\/new\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Mozilla<\/em> <em>Firefox<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Consortiul<\/em> <em>Web<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen 1994 a fost constituit <em>Consortiul<\/em> <em>Web<\/em>, av\u00e2ndu-l ca director pe Tim Berners Lee. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con- sor\u0163iul Web este o organiza\u0163ie non-profit, principala sa activitate const\u00e2nd \u00een elaborarea, dezvoltarea \u015fi men\u0163inerea standardelor destinate spa\u0163iului <a href=\"http:\/\/WWW\/\">WWW.<\/a> Actualmente, Consor- \u0163iul Web \u00eensumeaz\u0103 peste 500 de membri, at\u00e2t organiza\u0163ii academice, corpora\u0163ii comercia- le, c\u00e2t \u015fi persoane particulare. Mai multe detalii sunt disponibile pe situl Web <a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/\"><strong>www.w3.org<\/strong>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(&#8220;Tehnologii Web&#8221;, Sabin Corneliu Buraga, 2007)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unul dintre cele mai importante \u015fi de succes servicii ale Internetului, World Wide Web&#8211; ul \u2013 mai pe scurt, Web sau spa\u0163iul WWW \u2013 a fost instituit la CERN (Centre&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1-fundamente-si-istoric","category-tehnologii-web"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":229,"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions\/229"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/creare-website-consultanta.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}